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HMS Gloucester (1909)
HMS ''Gloucester'' was a light cruiser built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.
==Design and description==
The ''Bristol'' sub-class was rated as second-class cruisers suitable for a variety of roles including both trade protection and duties with the fleet.〔Gardiner & Gray, p. 51〕 They were long overall, with a beam of and a draught of . Displacement was normal and at full load. Twelve Yarrow boilers fed ''Gloucester''s Parsons steam turbines, driving four propeller shafts, that were rated at for a design speed of .〔 The ship reached during her sea trials from .〔Lyon, Part 2, pp. 59–60〕 The boilers used both fuel oil and coal, with of coal and tons of oil carried, which gave a range of at .〔Friedman, p. 383〕
The main armament of the ''Bristol'' class was two BL 6-inch (152 mm) Mk XI guns that were mounted on the centreline fore and aft of the superstructure and ten BL 4-inch Mk VII guns in waist mountings. All these guns were fitted with gun shields.〔 Four Vickers 3-pounder (47 mm) saluting guns were fitted, while two submerged 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes were fitted.〔Lyon, Part 2, pp. 55–57〕 This armament was considered rather too light for ships of this size,〔Lyon, Part 1, p. 53〕 while the waist guns were subject to immersion in a high sea, making them difficult to work.〔
The ''Bristol''s were considered protected cruisers, with an armoured deck providing protection for the ships' vitals. The armoured deck was thick over the magazines and machinery, over the steering gear and elsewhere. The conning tower was protected by of armour, with the gun shields having armour, as did the ammunition hoists.〔Lyon, Part 2, p. 59〕 As the protective deck was at waterline, the ships were given a large metacentric height so that they would remain stable in the event of flooding above the armoured deck. This, however, resulted in the ships rolling badly making them poor gun platforms.〔Brown, p. 63〕 One problem with the armour of the ''Bristols'' which was shared with the other Town-class ships was the sizable gap between the bottom of the gun shields and the deck, which allowed shell splinters to pass through the gap, giving large numbers of leg injuries in the ships' gun crews.〔Lyon, Part 2, p. 57〕
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